The Plague Of The Bubonic Plague - 1562 Words

A 1200 census stated that the Chinese population was close to120 million inhabitants. By 1393, their population dropped to around 62 million. Before long, the disease causing this drop in populace migrated into Europe. A diseased person would get a high fever, cold sweats, experience weakness, have migraines, and buboes (swollen, tender and painful lymph nodes) would appear. Without warning, buboes would spread to every lymph node in the body and blood would start to puddle under the skin. The skin then turned black and died. In its final stages, the victim had respiratory failure, went into shock, and died a slow, painful death. As described in this quote by Matteo Villani, â€Å"It was a plague that touched people of every condition,†¦show more content†¦The website www.allempires.com states, â€Å"Perhaps no empire in history has risen so spectacularly as that of the Mongols. In less than 80 years, a band of warriors originally comprised of several men grew to a n empire that encompassed all from the Pacific Ocean to the Danube River.† (pg.1) Founded in 1206, by the infamous Genghis Khan, the Mongol Empire quickly gained power. By 1260, the Mongols had stretched their illustrious empire from the East coast of china to present-day Russia. Because of this, the Mongols grew to great power and were feared all over Eurasia, mostly for their ferocious battle tactics. They were known to be some of the most barbaric groups of warriors to ever walk on the face of the Earth. Town by town, civilians were expected to surrender to the Mongols, or they would all be savagely murdered. One interesting way they did this was through some of the first examples of biological warfare. As mentioned above, the Bubonic Plague ravaged Asia before it ever became known in Europe. Because the Mongols ruled the majority of Asia, they had many citizens die from the Bubonic Plague. Sadly, the Mongols found a very repugnant use of all the dead bodies. They would catapult diseased cadavers into cities, which extirpated entire towns within a few months. The Mongols achieved their goal of domination without having to expend extra energy through physical combat. This saved

Compare And Contrast Jason And Medea - 1148 Words

Abrahamsen, Laura. â€Å"Roman Marriage Law and the Conflict of Senecas Medea.† Quaderni Urbinati di Cultura Classica, vol. 62, no. 2, 1999, pp. 107–121. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/20546591. Accessed 12 Sept. 2017. This article explores the laws of marriage in Roman culture. While both Euripides and Seneca hold two of the most acclaimed versions, Laura Abrahamsen describes how Seneca’s version may be best suited in representing a Roman retelling of the legend and how the traditional social constructs may have added to a negative perception of Medea. Ackah, Kofi. â€Å"Euripides’ Medea and Jason: A Study in the Social Power of Love.† Phronimon, vol. 18, 2017, pp. 31–43., upjournals.co.za/index.php/Phronimon/index. Accessed 12 Sept. 2017. Kofi†¦show more content†¦The article acknowledges the extent of time that Euripides devotes to the complexities of the feminine mind, while also defending the argument that Medea receives little sympathy in the end in comparison to Jason. Lloyd, Charles. â€Å"The Polis in Medea: Urban Attitudes and Euripides Characterization in Medea 214-224.† Classical World, vol. 99, no. 2, 2006, pp. 115–130. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4353029. Accessed 13 Sept. 2017. Charles Lloyd investigates the characterization of Medea, such as her language and sequence of events, to prove how Euripides paints her as sophisticated due to her foreignness. However, he also proves that Medea is suppressed by listing ways in which she tried to change her perception by imitating male Greek culture. This article will provide a counterargument for the patriarchy I intend to illustrate within the text The character Medea continues to stun and unsettle audiences as she depicts the fury that results from infidelity within marriages. This complex play of a Greek husband, Jason, and his wife Medea, who responds to her husband’s disloyalty of joining with another wife by killing their two sons, and his new royal bride, depicts a rather wicked and irrational side of the female protagonist. Coupled with the use of her witch-like powers to complete the murders, Medea is prevented fromShow MoreRelatedComparing the Characters of Lysitrata, Penelope, and Medea Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesThe purpose of the paper is to compare and contrast the characters of Penelope in the epic, The Odyssey, Lysistrata in the comedy, Lysistrata, and Medea in the tragedy, Medea. The writer will first give a brief synopsis of each character, followed by a comparison and climaxing with the contrast. Penelope, a loyal, faithful and patient wife is faced with suitors pressuring her daily to remarry. She uses her wit and cleverness to hold them off. She assures the suitors that she will remarry as soonRead MoreCompare/Contrast the Treatment of Femininity in Pygmalion and Medea1437 Words   |  6 Pages‘properly but is unaware of her independent nature and is ill prepared for what lies ahead. In the opening act, when Higgins finds her in Convent Garden, Shaw portrays Eliza as unfeminine and outspoken, if not somewhat rude and this is in sharp contrast to the ladies, Clara Eynsford-Hill and her mother, who are waiting in the rain expectant that Claras brother, Freddy, will do his ‘duty and provide them with a taxi. They are quite disgusted by Elizas attitude and Mrs Eynsford-Hill is obviouslyRead MoreRevenge from a Womens Broken Heart in Metamorphoses and Ishtar from The Epic of Gilgamesh614 Words   |  2 Pagesexample, Medea. Well some can argue what she did was wrong, but when you break it down it was not her fault that led her anger down that path. Medea is not the only person to have her heart broken and seek revenge. Their have been others. I am going to compare and contrast other stories we have read where female characters seek revenge from the ones they love. Such as, comparing and contrasting the actions of Medea with Juno from Metamorphoses, and Ishtar fro m The Epic of Gilgamesh. Well Medea andRead MoreTreatment of Women in Ancient Literature Essay1647 Words   |  7 Pagesmentioned, there are many contrasts to this â€Å"good† woman who waits, maintains chastity, and is silent. Euripides’ Medea is a character that does not follow the norm of the female role. In the classical age, women were expected to be meek and powerless creatures, and when they were not they were usually considered to be hysterical. Medea’s strength is portrayed as her madness as she takes control and decides the fate of her enemies. She is a strong character and Euripides allows Medea to have a voice byRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Jury Of Her Peers1841 Words   |  8 Pagesaround the strange death of john wright. It is a piece of work that exposes sexism on women. Women have been categorized for some time now based on their gender and not on ability and skills. They have always fell at the short end of the stick when compare against men. Nevertheless, there were many similarities as well as differences in challenges that women faced women. Even in the ancient times, Women play many important roles both in ancient Greece and in modern society. In all cases, women are

Regulatory Approaches For Combating Airbnb â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Regulatory Approaches For Combating Airbnb? Answer: Introducation The attempts of Eric vested in procurement of certain assets have been observed in the course of the past one year which is a clear indicator that he was in possession of the assets for a period lesser than a year. It has been established that capital gains could be assumed as taxable only under the condition if the selling price of an asset is greater than the cost base. Eric will also not be able to acquire the indexation benefit due to the possession of finance for less than a year (Andreas Markus, 2014). Categorized of Assets Personal use assets that are intended for personal use are generally procured for personal enjoyment and this category excludes the collectibles. Sale of assets that are procured at costs less than or equal to $10000 to other persons could not be subject to the liability of taxation on capital gains. According to the requirements of the question, the personal assets acquired by Eric include a home sound system and the shares of a listed company (Brean, 2013). While the procurement cost of the home sound system was found to be $12000 the shares were found to be costing $5000. Collectibles could be defined as assets purchased by individuals for fulfilling personal efficacies alongside providing enjoyment like personal assets. In the case of collectible that capital gains are not taxable under the condition that the procurement cost of the collectibles is less than or equal to $500 (Besley Persson, 2013). The information provided in the question facilitates an impression of the collectibles acquired by Eric as follows. Eric acquired a painting that was associated with a procurement cost of $9000 and an antique chair at a procurement cost of $3000. Another collectible acquired by Eric included an antique vase which amounted for an acquisition cost of $2000 (Becker, Reimer Rust, 2015). The data obtained from the above stated scenario could be utilized as inputs for formula to calculate capital gain on the assets which were under possession for less than a year. Capital Data of the assets Asset Cost Base of Assets Capital Proceeds of Assets Net Capital Profit/ (Net Capital Loss) Home Sound System 12,000 11000 (1000) Loss Shares in listed company 5,000 20000 15000 Profit Painting 9,000 1000 (8000) Loss Antique Chair 3,000 1000 (2000) Loss Antique Vase 2,000 3000 1000 Profit Net Capital Gain/Loss 5000 Profit Points to considers: -The assets that were acquired for personal use by Eric depict procurement costs more than $10000 which validates the taxability of capital gains on the assets (Drautzburg Uhlig, 2015). -The procurement costs of all the collectibles were estimated to be above $500 which suggests the applicability of taxation to the capital profits on the assets. -In order to identify the net profit or loss the annual capital losses have to be set-off with capital gain. The scenario suggests the provision of a three year loan by the employer of Brian to him with the condition of a special one percent interest rate. Another notable highlight is observed in the condition of the management for the interest to be repaid in monthly instalments. The loan amount is estimated to be $1 million and provision of such a substantial amount of loan at considerably lower interest rate than the prevailing rates in the market accounts for classification of the loan as fringe benefits (Farhi Werning, 2013). The element of statutory interest rate should also be considered effectively in order to determine the taxability of the benefit from the loan. According to the information provided in the question, the loan was offered on April 1, 2016 which suggests that the statutory interest rate could be estimated as 5.65% (Guner, Kaygusuz Ventura, 2014). This step involves the calculation of the loan fringe benefit through discarding the deductible rule. The deductible rule implies that the interest on the loan calculated on the basis of actual rate of interest should be subtracted from the interest on loan calculated on the basis of statutory rate of interest (Henneman, 2015). Interest according to statutory rate of interest= $1000000 * 5.65%= $56,500 Interest according to actual interest rate= $1000000 * 1%= $10000 Therefore the loan fringe benefit can be calculated as the difference between the two amounts which is = $56,500-$10,000= $46,500 The second step involves the computation of interest based on statutory interest rate with the assumption that the interest is the real amount payable Interest based on statutory interest rate= $1000000 * 5.65%= $56,500 This step should involve the calculation of tax deductible interest expense since Brian has spent forty percent of the loan for addressing future obligations and the tax deductible interest expense could be assumed as hypothetical in nature (Higgins Pereira, 2014). The tax deductible interest expense could be calculated as follows: The real tax deductible interest expense for Brian should also be calculated since Brian has utilized 40% of the loan for dealing with future obligations (Jaimovich Rebelo, 2017). The real figures for tax deductible interest expense could be calculated as follows: $10000 * 40% = $4000 This stage involves the subtraction of actual amount from the hypothetical figure in order to reach a specific conclusion. Therefore, $22,600- $4000= $18,600 The final taxation amount is estimated in this step through subtracting the amount calculated in the fifth step from that determined in the first step.Hence, Brian has to pay a final amount of, $46,500- $18,600 = $27,900 The conditions in which interest is paid at the termination of the loan rather than in monthly instalments, the deemed period in case of the loan would have to be calculated from the time when the interest becomes payable (Mellon, 2016). In the case of monthly repayments the deemed period is assumed from the time when the interests are paid respectively. On the other hand, it is necessary to emphasize on the case if Brian is not obliged to repay the interests then the computation has to follow the similar approach only with the assumption of zero actual interest rate (Matter, 2016). 3.The scenario depicts the agreement between Jack and Jill who are husband and wife to rent a property under the condition that Jack would be eligible for 10% of the profits earned from the property while the wife, Jill, would be eligible for 90% of profits. Furthermore, the agreement also involved Jacks consent to bear complete responsibilities of any sort of losses thereby relieving Jill of the burden (Maurer, 2016). Hence it can be stated that the loss of $10000 observed last year becomes the sole liability of Jack without any responsibility of Jill in the case. On the other hand, Jack also has the opportunities of offsetting the loss of $10000 through his other incomes thereby reaching on a final estimation of net profit or loss for the concerned year. Jack also has the option to carry forward the losses for subsequent years until the point where the property has to be sold which can lead to either profits or losses for Jack and Jill (Piketty Saez, 2013). In event of a loss, the responsibility for the entire amount is vested in Jack who has the privilege to carry forward the losses or implement them for determination of net profit or losses in the concerned year or upcoming years (Thomson, 2015). On the contrary, if an event of profit is encountered then the amount must be distributed in the agreed shares of 10% of Jack and 90% for Jill respectively. Jack also has the privilege of offsetting the loss of $10000 incurred last year with the profits acquired from sale of property. Therefore, it can be concluded that Jack can offset the losses of the past year in the present year through income that can be acquired as profits from the sale of the property (Wallace, 2015). However, if there are no observed profits in the current year, then Jack is responsible for the losses with the exclusion of Jill from such undertakings. Hence it can be concluded that Jill would not be subject to any consequences in context of tax treatment while Jack is obliged to be responsible for the losses in his accounts. The case of IRC v Duke of Westminster [1936] AC 1 provided insights into the fact that an individual is rightfully entitled to utilize legal strategies and resources for decreasing total income at the end of a year. Therefore, it can be imperatively observed that in cases where an individual decreases their total income at the end of the year, the Commissioners of Inland Revenue are not authorized for inquiry into the matter or pressurizing the individual to increase their payable tax (Thomson, 2015). However, it is necessary to consider that such rule is applicable only in cases where an individual utilizes authentic measures for decreasing total income at the end to the year helping them in reducing the total payable tax. The notable principles that can be apprehended from the case include the following: Every individual is rightfully eligible to implement strategic measures in accounting leading to depreciation in their total income An individual is not liable to pay additional taxes if the procedures adopted for decreasing income are ethical and moral. Adoption of legal means to decrease the total payable tax amount also indicates that an individual cannot be questioned for validity. The individual is also exempted from any sort of pressure to pay an increased amount of tax. However, the validity of the above mentioned rule could be questioned on the grounds of inferences drawn from new case laws in the contemporary scenario (Jaimovich Rebelo, 2017). The prominent difference could be observed in the reforms in ideologies underlying review of accounts and their management. In the current scenario, the rule can be presented as follows: The rule mentioned previously holds significance in the contemporary environment in order to prevent organizations from utilizing unscrupulous means for modification of accounts to accomplish superior advantage. The rule is also reflective of the legal right for businesses to execute their operations feasibly (Higgins Pereira, 2014). An example of the application of the rule can be observed in a company which is encountering losses and is unable to fulfil its obligations. This type of organization could prefer alteration of balance sheet amounts alongside writing off their fixed assets according to the intended values. The organization should also emphasize on the significance of authenticity of the documents that are used to justify the transactions (Henneman, 2015). On the other hand, the organization is liable to experience backlash in event of adopting unethical means for management of accounts due to the rule. Therefore, it can be concluded that transactions which facilitate ef fective operations of an enterprise could be considered valid from a legal perspective without any concerns of questioning by legal authorities. The scenario indicates the abundance of big pine trees in the piece of land owned by Bill which in turn is intended by him to be used as grazing grounds for sheep. In order to accomplish this feat, Bill has to ensure that the trees are cut from the property. Hence, Bill hired the services of a logging company which agreed to reimburse Bill with $1000 for every 100 meters of timber (Guner, Kaygusuz Ventura, 2014). The question that needs to be addressed in this context is the applicability of the tax on Bill for the amount of profits earned by the logging company. The question does not provide clear insights into the exact amount of receipts for clearing of trees which implies the assumption that is a revenue receipt in hands of Bill. Therefore, Bill is not liable to pay the capital gains tax. The lump sum amount attained by Bill can be considered as a capital receipt in his hands. For example, if Bill receives $50000 from the logging company for removing the timber from his property then that amount can be ascertained as capital receipt for Bill. Considering the payment as capital receipt could be validated on the grounds of the lump sum nature of the payment alongside the zero presence of recurring receipts (Farhi Werning, 2013). Another characteristic that should be noted in this context is that the transaction is underlined by the provision of rights to another party for removal of trees from the property. Hence it can be observed that since the receipt in the hands of bill is a lump sum amount and has been considered as capital receipt, the amount is taxable according to the rules of capital gains tax. The scenarios depicted above provide an illustration of the fact that Bill is acquiring money in either case. The first case suggests that Bill receives payments in re curring receipts which are also small in nature while in the second case Bill receives a capital receipt in the form of a lump sum amount of $50000 which is not recurring in nature. The concern of providing the right to the logging company for clearing of trees from the property is also liable for classifying the lump sum amount eligible for capital gains tax (Farhi Werning, 2013). The receipt in the second case is larger in amount and can be estimated as one-time in nature owing to the considerable period of time required for regrowth of the trees after cutting them down. Hence the second case indicates that Bill is engaged in the sale of an asset to another company for a considerable amount alongside providing rights to the company. According to the precedents of taxation law, sale of assets for consideration by one party to another implies consideration of capital receipt and taxability for the seller (Farhi Werning, 2013). On the contrary, the first case depicts formidable imp lications towards recurring receipts which in turn limit the prospects for acquiring capital gain tax. Therefore the scenario in the first case should be addressed through normal taxation rates rather than subjecting the profits to capital gains tax.; References Andreas, O. and Markus, H., 2014. Taxation of income from domestic and cross-border collective investment. Brean, D.J., 2013. Taxation in modern China. Routledge. Besley, T.J. and Persson, T., 2013. Taxation and development. Becker, J., Reimer, E. and Rust, A., 2015. Klaus Vogel on Double Taxation Conventions. Kluwer Law International. Drautzburg, T. and Uhlig, H., 2015. Fiscal stimulus and distortionary taxation. Review of Economic Dynamics, 18(4), pp.894-920. Farhi, E. and Werning, I., 2013. Insurance and taxation over the life cycle. Review of Economic Studies, 80(2), pp.596-635. Guner, N., Kaygusuz, R. and Ventura, G., 2014. Income taxation of US households: Facts and parametric estimates. Review of Economic Dynamics, 17(4), pp.59-581. Henneman, J.B., 2015. Royal Taxation in Fourteenth-Century France: The Development of War Financing, 1322-1359. Princeton University Press. Higgins, S. and Pereira, C., 2014. The effects of Brazils taxation and social spending on the distribution of household income. Public Finance Review, 42(3), pp.346-367. Jaimovich, N. and Rebelo, S., 2017. Nonlinear effects of taxation on growth. Journal of Political Economy, 125(1), pp.265-291. Mellon, A.W., 2016. Taxation: the peoples business. Pickle Partners Publishing. Matter, P., 2016. Green taxation in question. Maurer, J., 2016. Sharing Economy. Regulatory Approaches for Combating Airbnb's Controversy Regarding Taxation and Regulation. Piketty, T. and Saez, E., 2013. A theory of optimal inheritance taxation. Econometrica, 81(5), pp.1851-1886. Thomson, W., 2015. Axiomatic and game-theoretic analysis of bankruptcy and taxation problems: an update. Mathematical Social Sciences, 74, pp.41-59. Wallace, S.L., 2015. Taxation in Egypt from Augustus to Diocletian. Princeton University Press.

Whales are a widely distributed and diverse gro Essays - Biology

Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals . They are an informal grouping within the infraorder HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetacea" \o "Cetacea" Cetacea , usually excluding dolphins and porpoises . Whales, dolphins and porpoises belong to the order HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetartiodactyla" \o "Cetartiodactyla" Cetartiodactyla with even-toed ungulates and their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses , having diverged about 40 million years ago. The two parvorders of whales, baleen whales ( Mysticeti ) and toothed whales ( Odontoceti ), are thought to have split apart around 34 million years ago. The whales comprise eight extant families : HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaenopteridae" \o "Balaenopteridae" Balaenopteridae (the rorquals ), HYPE RLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balaenidae" \o "Balaenidae" Balaenidae (right whales), HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetotheriidae" \o "Cetotheriidae" Cetotheriidae (the pygmy right whale), HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschrichtiidae" \o "Eschrichtiidae" Eschrichtiidae (the gray whale), HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodontidae" \o "Monodontidae" Monodontidae (belugas and narwhals), HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physeteridae" \o "Physeteridae" Physeteridae (the sperm whale), HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kogiidae" \o "Kogiidae" Kogiidae (the dwarf and pygmy sperm whale), and HYPERLINK "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziphiidae" \o "Ziphiidae" Ziphiidae (the beaked whales). Whales are creatures of the open ocean; they feed, mate, give birth, suckle and raise their young at sea. So extreme is their adaptation to life underwater that they are unable to survive on land. Whales range in size from the 2.6 metres (8.5 ft ) and 135 kilograms (298 lb ) dwarf sperm whale to the 29.9 metres (98 ft ) and 190 metric tons (210 short tons) blue whale , which is the largest creature that has ever lived. The sperm whale is the largest toothed predator on earth. Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism , in that the females are larger than males. Baleen whales have no teeth; instead they have plates of baleen, a fringe-like structure used to expel water while retaining the krill and plankton which they feed on. They use their throat pleats to expand the mouth to take in huge gulps of water. Balaenids have heads that can make up 40% of their body mass to take in water. Toothed whales, on the other hand, have conical teeth designed for catching fish or squid . Baleen whales have a well developed sense of "smell", whereas toothed whales have well-developed hearing their hearing, that is adapted for both air and water, is so well developed that some can survive even if they are blind. Some species, such as sperm whales, are well adapted for diving to great depths to catch squid and other favoured prey. Whales have evolved from land-living mammals. As such they must breathe air regularly, though they can remain submerged for long periods. They have blowholes (modified nostrils) located on top of their heads, through which air is taken in and expelled in the form of vapour . They are warm-blooded , and have a layer of fat, or blubber , under the skin. With streamlined fusiform bodies and two limbs that are modified into flippers, whales can travel at up to 20 knots , though they are not as flexible or agile as seals . Whales produce a great variety of vocalizations, notably the extended songs of the humpback whale . Although whales are widespread, most species prefer the colder waters of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and migrate to the equator to give birth. Species such as humpbacks and blue whales are capable of travelling thousands of miles without feeding. Males typically mate with multiple females every year, but fe males only mate every two to three years. Calves are typically born in the spring and summer months and females bear all the responsibility for raising them. Mothers of some species fast and nurse their young for one to two years. Once relentlessly hunted for their products, whales are now protected by international law. The North Atlantic right whales nearly became extinct in the twentieth century, with a population low of 450, and the North Pacific gray whale population is ranked Critically Endangered by the IUCN . Besides whaling, they also face threats from bycatch and marine pollution. The meat, blubber and baleen of whales have traditionally been used by indigenous peoples of the Arctic. Whales have been depicted in various cultures worldwide, notably by the Inuit and the coastal peoples of Vietnam